Bihar, with its fertile Gangetic plains and rich agricultural heritage, is one of India’s most productive states. However, the challenges of declining soil fertility, climate change, and rural poverty necessitate innovative approaches to farming. Agroforestry, a practice that integrates trees, crops, and livestock, is emerging as a sustainable solution. This article explores the historical roots, scientific benefits, environmental impact, and future potential of agroforestry in Bihar while highlighting how Grow Billion Trees is transforming the state’s agricultural landscape.