Accounting isn’t just bookkeeping—Accounting Theory provides the conceptual architecture for meaningful reporting. This article surveys the field: core definitions, foundational assumptions, and major theoretical models. You’ll learn how theory helps explain practices, resolve methodological disputes, and influence rule making. Key topics include accrual vs cash basis, fair value debates, and the role of the accounting conceptual framework. Also included: strengths, criticism, and evolving theoretical shifts in response to global complexity. A reader-friendly resource for learners, teachers, and practitioners wanting deeper insight.