Drywall repair effectively addresses issues like cracks and holes in walls by first assessing the extent of the damage. Professionals typically begin by cleaning and preparing the damaged area, removing any loose debris or material. Then, they fill the cracks or holes with spackling compound or joint compound, smoothing it out evenly with a putty knife. After allowing the compound to dry, they sand the area to achieve a seamless finish. Finally, the repaired section is primed and painted to match the surrounding wall, ensuring a cohesive appearance. This process not only restores the structural integrity of the wall but also enhances its aesthetic appeal.