Biotechnology has transformed agriculture by developing genetically modified (GM) crops that offer enhanced resistance to pests and diseases. These innovations reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides, leading to environmental benefits such as decreased pesticide runoff and improved soil health. Additionally, herbicide-tolerant crops allow farmers to control weeds more effectively, boosting productivity. Advances in drought and salt tolerance have enabled the cultivation of resilient crops, opening agricultural opportunities on marginal lands. Furthermore, crops enhanced with higher levels of essential vitamins, minerals, and proteins address malnutrition and improve public health outcomes.