Three Processes for Aerobic Fermentation of Poultry Manure

Trough Composting: Higher Automation Trough composting is suitable for medium to large-scale production and is conducted in enclosed or semi-enclosed fermentation tanks, which are 3-5 meters wide and 10-50 meters long. The system is equipped with rail-mounted turners for automatic turning of materials, and some devices also integrate temperature control and ventilation systems. By precisely controlling oxygen supply and pile temperature, the system can maintain a stable high temperature of 60°C-70°C for 7-10 days, effectively eliminating harmful organisms and breaking down hazardous substances such as antibiotic residues. Compared to windrow composting, trough composting achieves higher material uniformity, with no partially uncomposted areas. The fermentation cycle is shortened to 10-18 days, and the process is unaffected by weather conditions. However, this technique requires higher equipment and infrastructure investment, making it more suitable for continuous production needs. In-Vessel Composting: The Preferred Choice for Environmental Requirements In-vessel composting employs a sealed design, making it particularly suitable for scenarios with strict environmental requirements. Materials are loaded into vertical or horizontal sealed fermentation tanks, with forced aeration provided by fans and equipped with exhaust gas collection and treatment systems to effectively prevent the leakage of ammonia and odors. During the fermentation process, the temperature inside the tank can be precisely controlled at 55°C-65°C for 8-12 days. In addition to achieving thorough harmless treatment, in-vessel composting can also reduce the activity of heavy metals in manure through microbial action, such as converting soluble cadmium into insoluble forms. The matured material has a moisture content of less than 20%, a loose texture, and stable organic matter. This technique offers excellent environmental performance and a small footprint but comes with high equipment costs, limited processing capacity per tank, and the need for batch operations.