Weight-loss drugs linked to reduced risk of substance use disorders

A comprehensive cohort study has shed light on the benefits and risks associated with weight-loss drugs, offering valuable insights for clinical care and future research. Published in Nature Medicine on 20 January 2024, the study found the use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs)—used to treat diabetes and obesity—associated with a reduced risk of substance use disorders (including alcohol, cannabis, opioid and stimulant use disorders). Weight-loss drug use was also linked to decreased risks of psychotic disorders, seizures, neurocognitive disorders (including Alzheimer’s disease and dementia), coagulation disorders, cardiometabolic disorders, infectious illnesses and several respiratory conditions. However, the use of GLP-1RAs was not without risks, as researchers identified an increased risk of gastrointestinal disorders, hypotension, syncope, arthritic conditions, nephrolithiasis, interstitial nephritis, and drug-induced pancreatitis associated with their use. The analysis, utilising the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs databases, compared 215,970 GLP-1 RA users with patients using sulphonylureas (n=159,465), DPP4 inhibitors (n=117,989), SGLT2 inhibitors (n=258,614), or a composite of the three (n=536,068).